Xinyi Liu

Xinyi Liu

PhD Student
Media, Technology, and Society
Northwestern University
xinyiliu[at]u.northwestern.edu

The Politics of Large Language Models: A Comparative Framework for Understanding Global LLMs

Published in Work in Progress, 2026

Recommended citation: Liu, X., Nisbet, E. C., & Lu, Y. The Politics of Large Language Models: A Comparative Framework for Understanding Global LLMs. (Work in Progress).